The system we are in, which we can also call the money economy, consists of centralized structures to a large extent. We see these central structures as large financial intermediary institutions both in factories with large production capacity in real production and in financial markets. In short, what we call money is a centrally managed exchange tool. This system is…
Author: Arzu ALVAN
I am Arzu Alvan. My work sits at the intersection of growth, productivity, innovation, and sustainability, with a recent emphasis on the digital transformation of money and markets. My academic background includes doctoral research on sources of growth and growth accounting approaches for manufacturing.
My writing is shaped by a long-standing interest in how monetary regimes evolve, how crises reveal hidden fragilities, and how technology reconfigures the boundaries of markets and policy. I aim to keep the analysis rigorous while making it readable for non-specialist audiences.
Across my work, I focus on mechanisms: how incentives and institutions shape long-run development outcomes, and how technological change—such as blockchain, Web3, and central bank digital currencies—can alter the architecture of money, intermediation, and governance.
Metaverse and Digital Economy
Metaverse is a kind of virtual world. It is the fictionalization of the things we do in our lives in the virtual world. Metaverse is like a universe where dreams come true. Metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual world. For example, there may be a copy of the city you live in in the metaverse. Navigating the Metaverse requires gadgets like…

