Observation period: 27 August – 27 September 2026 On August 19, 2026, the United States crossed a number that once seemed impossible. Its national debt hit $40 trillion. Not forty billion. Not four hundred billion. Forty trillion dollars. To pay the interest on that debt alone, America spends $1.1 trillion every year. That is more than the entire US defense…
The years in which the international bond market entered a rapid expansion period are the early 1980s. The international bond market, a market for foreign currency bonds issued and traded across national borders, has played an important role in the internationalization of capital markets since 1980. After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, floating exchange rates were…